Cinema of West Bengal - Wikipedia. This article is about Bengali cinema in India. For Bengali cinema in Bangladesh, see Cinema of Bangladesh. The cinema of West Bengal, also known as Tollywood (Bengali: . The origins of the nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood, dates back to 1. Modern Bengali cinema is known for re- inventing the cinematic norms from the poetically theoretical to the in- your- face physical and romantic fantasies, that which is evident in the western world. The most influential among them was Satyajit Ray, whose films became successful among European, American and Asian audiences. Similar references to Ray films are found in recent works such as Sacred Evil (2. During his career, Mrinal Sen's films have received awards from major film festivals, including Cannes, Berlin, Venice, Moscow, Karlovy Vary, Montreal, Chicago, and Cairo. Retrospectives of his films have been shown in major cities of the world. The cinema of West Bengal, also known as Tollywood (Bengali: . Creating a business website is easier than it has ever been! Website builder made for businesses. Designs for various business types; Simple drag-and-drop interface. The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Ganges, Hooghly, Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across. Jasim Jadughar, Foundation laid by Momtaz Jasimuddin, DC Jalaluddin Faridpur July 2003. Some of his films have strong similarities to later famous international films, such as Ajantrik (1. Herbie films (1. 96. Bari Theke Paliye (1. Fran. One of his most important techniques was bounce lighting, to recreate the effect of daylight on sets. He pioneered the technique while filming Aparajito (1. The Apu Trilogy. Deming, an American engineer who was involved in the production of the first Indian sound film. He gave the industry the name Tollywood because the Tollygunge district in which it was based rhymed with . It was this . Within a decade, the first seeds of the industry was sown by Hiralal Sen, considered a stalwart of Victorian era cinema. Following a long gap after Sen's works. However, the first Bengali feature film, Billwamangal, was produced in 1. Madan Theatre. Bilat Ferat was the IBFC's first production in 1. The Madan Theatre production of Jamai Shashthi was the first Bengali talkie. These were all silent films. Hiralal Sen is also credited as one of the pioneers of advertisement films in India. The first Bengali- language movie was the silent feature Billwamangal, produced by the Madan Theatre Company of Calcutta and released on 8 November 1. Indian feature film, Raja Harish Chandra, was released. The movies were originally made in Urdu or Persian to accommodate a specific elite market. One of the earliest known studios was the East India Film Company. The first Bengali film to be made as a talkie was Jamai Shashthi, released in 1. At this time the early heroes of the Bengali film industry like Pramathesh Barua and Debaki Bose were at the peak of their popularity. Barua also directed movies, exploring new dimension in Indian cinema. Debaki Bose directed Chandidas in 1. Sound recordist Mukul Bose found a solution to the problem of spacing out dialogue and frequency modulation. Rise of the talkie: 1. First Bengali talkies. Jamai Shashthi (as short film) was released 1. April 1. 93. 1 at Crown Cinema Hall in Calcutta and first Bengali talkies as full- length feature film Dena Paona was released 3. December 1. 93. 1 at Chitra Cinema Hall in Calcutta. The industry was based in Tollygunge, an area of South Kolkata, West Bengal that is more elite and artistically inclined than the usual musical cinema fare in India. Golden era: 1. 95. They produced directors like Satyajit Ray, who was an Academy Honorary Award winner, and the recipient of India's and France's greatest civilian honours, the Bharat Ratna and Legion of Honor respectively, and Mrinal Sen, who is the recipient of the French distinction of Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters and the Russian Order of Friendship. Other prominent film makers in the Bengali film industry at the time included Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak. The Bengali film industry has produced classics such as Nagarik (1. The Apu Trilogy (1. Jalsaghar (1. 95. Ajantrik (1. 95. 8), Neel Akasher Neechey (1. Devdas, Devi (1. 96. Meghe Dhaka Tara (1. Calcutta trilogies (1. In particular, The Apu Trilogy is frequently listed among the greatest films of all time. Kumar and Sen were known as . Apart from Sen, Sabitri Chatterjee and Sumitra Devi were very popular actress of the 1. Soumitra Chatterjee is a notable actor, having acted in several Satyajit Ray films, and considered as a rival to Uttam Kumar in the 1. He is famous for the characterization of Feluda in Sonar Kella (1. Joi Baba Felunath (1. Ray. He also played the adult version of Apu in The World of Apu (1. Ray. In the 1. 96. Bengal saw a host of talented actresses like Aparna Sen, Sharmila Tagore, Madhabi Mukherjee, Sandhya Roy and Supriya Devi. Aparna Sen was one of the most successful actresses of the Golden Era. She became the leading heroine of 1. One of the most well known Bengali actresses was Sharmila Tagore, who debuted in Ray's The World of Apu, and became a major actress in Bengali cinema as well as Bollywood. Despite Suchitra Sen being the greatest actress, Sharmila was the most commercial successful actress in history with films like The World of Apu (1. Devi (1. 96. 0), Nayak (1. Simabaddha (1. 96. Aranyer Dinratri (1. Utpal Dutt is internationally known for his acting in movies and plays, especially Shakespearean plays. Bhanu Bandopadhyay, Rabi Ghosh and Anup Kumar were best known for their comic timing and with their versatile acting talent they stunned the audience and critics. The pioneers in Bengali film music include Raichand Boral, Pankaj Mullick and K. Dey, all associated with New Theatres Calcutta. The greatest composers of the golden era included Robin Chatterjee, Sudhin Dasgupta, Nachiketa Ghosh, Hemant Kumar etc. Rituparno made his first film Hirer Angti in 1. Bengali cinema until his death in 2. Unishe April, Dahan and Utsab. Aparna Sen made her directorial debut in 1. Chowringhee Lane, which looked at the lives of Anglo- Indians living in Calcutta. Her later films have also been celebrated: Paromitar Ek Din, Mr and Mrs Iyer, 1. Park Avenue, The Japanese Wife, Goynar Baksho, etc. Gautam Ghose is best known for award- winning films like Dakhal, Paar, Padma Nadir Majhi and Abar Aranye. In recent years, a younger generation of Bengali directors have come to the fore. Many work in the domestic film industry, but others have gone on to Bollywood where they have met with notable success. In turn, they have also turned the cinematic spotlight on Kolkata, acquainting the city with a much wider national and global audience (Kahaani, Piku, Detective Byomkesh Bakshy). Successful Bengali films are getting their Hindi remakes in Bollywood (Bela Seshe, Praktan, Rajkahini). Padma Patar Jal . Rs. 1. 5 million per movie. India's big house Reliance Big Entertainment and Home Entertainment, Shree Venkatesh Films, Viacom Pictures are the producers of the most expensive Bengali movies. While other regional movies like the ones in Tamil and Telugu have a budget of Rs 4. Bengali movies are still restricted within certain limits. The first film in the trilogy, Pather Panchali (1. At a time when Bollywood continues its roller- coaster ride, there are cheers in the Bengali film industry with several commercial successes. The dark period of the 1. Bengali tinsel town was on a steep decline seems like a nightmare that's best forgotten. And, with the money pouring in, producers from other States are now knocking on the doors of Bengali directors. Industry sources say that the best proof of the comeback is seen in the increasing number of cinema houses showing Bengali films. Even a few years ago, of the 8. State, no more than 3. Bengali films. The remaining had spread their risk showing a mix of either Hindi and English or Hindi and Bengali films. Bengali films. Bombaiyer Bombete, produced by Ramoji Films at a cost of Rs 8 million, recovered its costs within three weeks and earned 2. The movie has brought back the concept of family entertainment with Sandip Ray's gambit of contemporising the plot paying him rich dividend. Admitting that he did not expect this success, he told Life that he was now lining up another such film for release next year. Earlier, a film by award- winning director Buddhadeb Dasgupta's Mondo Meyer Upakhyan (The Tale of a Fallen Girl) produced by Arjoe Entertainments netted nearly Rs 7 million through sale of overseas rights against a cost of Rs 0. Haranath Chakraborty His film Sathi (Companion) created a record by recouping over five times its production cost, although the film Chokher Bali, with big names like Aishwariya Rai, Rituparno Ghosh and Tagore, failed to yield expected results. The movie, billed at Rs 1. Bengali films). The recent successes have come through some concerted effort by Parallel Cinema which has tapped the domestic market, even while scouting the overseas ones, hitting the festival circuit somewhere in between. As such, celluloid creations of award- winning directors like Gautam Ghosh, Rituparno Ghosh and Aparna Sen started bringing money for their producers. However, at around the same time, movies in the commercial circuit (directors like to call them mainstream cinema) also started doing well, supported strongly by the response from the semi- urban areas. The big Bollywood banners such as Mukta Arts and Rajshri films are now showing interest in funding Bengali films. Hollywood houses like Columbia Tri. Star have made their debut in distributing Bengali movies. According to industry experts, several issues need to be addressed to build on this resurgence and consolidate it. These include inadequate infrastructure, which often compels moviemakers to go outside the State for facilities pushing up costs, poor marketing and distribution and increasing competition from Bangladeshi films. Charulata (ranked No. Ray's Charulata and The Music Room (both tied at #1. Ghatak's Subarnarekha (also tied at #1. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus). The National Film Awards, established in 1. India that merit the best of the Indian cinema. The ceremony also presents awards for films in various regional languages.
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